In recent years, tomato farming has emerged as a lucrative agricultural venture in Kenya. The favorable climatic conditions and high market demand make it an attractive option for both small-scale and commercial farmers across the country.
Kenya is blessed with diverse agroecological zones, which provide suitable conditions for tomato cultivation. However, areas such as Nakuru, Meru, Thika, and Naivasha have become the prime regions for tomato farming due to their favorable climatic conditions, availability of fertile soil, and access to reliable irrigation water sources.
One of the main reasons why tomato farming has gained immense popularity in Kenya is the increasing domestic and export demand. Tomatoes are a vital ingredient in various cuisines, and Kenyan households consume them daily. Moreover, tomatoes are widely used in the food processing industry for making sauces, ketchup, canned products, and tomato paste.
For aspiring tomato farmers, there are several factors to consider when choosing the right tomato variety for cultivation. Factors such as disease resistance, market demand, profitability, and environmental adaptability play crucial roles in determining the choice of tomato variety. Some popular tomato varieties in Kenya include Anna F1, Rio Grande, and Money Maker, among others.
Cultivating tomatoes in Kenya can be done using various techniques, including open-field farming, greenhouse cultivation, and hydroponics. Open-field farming is suitable for areas with good rainfall, while greenhouse cultivation allows farmers to control and optimize growing conditions such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Hydroponics, on the other hand, is a soilless method of tomato cultivation popular among urban and peri-urban farmers.
Varieties of tomatoes.
Open field varieties.
| Variety | Maturity (days) | Traits |
| Rio Grande | 75 -80 | Fruit weight 74 g. Good for industrial processing. Long shelf life. It has a determinate growth habit. Tolerant to verticillium and fusarium wilt diseases. – Yield per 84 tons per acre. |
| Cal J | 70 – 75 | Fruit weight is about 68 g. It is a determinate variety. Yield potential 70t/ha. Shelf life up to 21days. Shape, blocky oval to round. |
| Onyx | 70 | Yield potential, 45t/ha. Fruit average weight, 105 g. Shelf life is up to 25 days. It’s a determinate variety. Open-pollinated and does not require staking. |
| Roma VF | 80 – 85 | Fruit average weight 60 g. Yield potential, 83t/ha. Shelf life is up to 25 days. Pear-shaped and firm. Good for industrial processing. Open pollination determinate variety. Does not require staking. |
| Kilele F1 | 75 | Yield, 74 -86t/ha. Fruit weight a 120 – 130 g. Cheapest and easiest to grow. Tolerant to diseases and nematodes. Semi-determinate variety and may require staking. Long shelf life. |
| Raja F1 | 65 | Yield potential 30 – 35t/ha. Fruit average weight 120 – 150g. Drought resistant. Semi-determinate variety. Long shelf life. Oval-shaped and firm. Diseases and nematodes tolerant. |
Greenhouse varieties.
| Anna F1 | 75 | Yield potential 185t/ha. Fruits are, oval-shaped deep red, and firm. Early maturity. Tolerant to diseases and nematodes. |
| Tylka F1 | 75 | Yield potential 70 -80 t/ ha. Long shelf life, up to 28 days. Resistant to Common tomato diseases. |
| Chonto | 75 | Yield potential 300t/ha. Fruit average weight 150 – 200g. Long harvest period of up to 8 months. |
| Bravo F1 | 75 | Yield potential 240t/ha. Adapted to wide ecological zones. Indeterminate variety. Tolerant to common tomato diseases and nematodes. |
Choice for tomato varieties.
When it comes to tomatoes farming, choosing the right variety is of utmost importance. The choice of variety can greatly impact the success of your farming venture, as different varieties have different characteristics, growth habits, disease resistance, and market demands. As a farmer, it is crucial to select the right tomato variety that suits your specific farming goals and conditions.
Growing Season
One of the primary factors to consider when choosing a tomato variety is the growing season. Tomatoes can be divided into three main groups: determinate, indeterminate, and semi-determinate.
Determinate varieties are compact and have a predetermined growth cycle, making them ideal for farmers who desire a quick harvest. On the other hand, indeterminate varieties keep growing and producing tomatoes throughout the season, making them suitable for farmers who want a continuous supply. Semi-determinate varieties fall somewhere in between, offering a balance between early yield and season-long production.
Disease Resistance
Another vital aspect to consider is disease resistance. Different tomato varieties exhibit varying levels of resistance to common diseases such as late blight, fusarium wilt, tomato mosaic virus, and verticillium wilt. Farmers should select resistant varieties that can withstand prevalent diseases in their particular region, reducing the need for chemical sprays and increasing overall yield.
Market Demand
Market demand is yet another factor to take into account. It is essential to research and understand the preferences of consumers in your target market. Do they prefer larger tomatoes for slicing or smaller ones for salads and snacks? Are they more inclined towards heirloom varieties or hybrid ones? By evaluating market demand, farmers can grow tomato varieties that fetch higher prices and ensure a ready market.
Climate
Furthermore, climate and growing conditions play a crucial role in choosing tomato varieties. Certain varieties thrive in hot and dry climates, while others perform well in cooler regions. To optimize yield and quality, farmers should select varieties that are adapted to their local climate and can withstand any extreme conditions present.
Farming Techniques
Farmers should also evaluate their farming practices and resources. Some tomato varieties require more labor-intensive maintenance, such as pruning and trellising, while others can be grown with minimal intervention. Additionally, certain varieties may have higher fertilization or water requirements, which may impact farming costs and resource availability. By aligning the tomato variety with available resources, farmers can optimize efficiency and productivity.
Risk Management
Lastly, it is advisable for farmers to diversify their tomato varieties for risk management purposes. Planting a mix of varieties with different characteristics and disease resistance also ensures that a single issue or disease outbreak does not have a catastrophic impact on the entire tomato crop. Moreover, by spreading the risk, farmers can mitigate losses and maintain a steady supply of tomatoes.
The choice of tomato variety is also a critical decision for farmers venturing into tomato farming. Considering factors such as growing season, disease resistance, market demand, climate, farming practices, resources, and risk management can help farmers select the most suitable tomato varieties. By making an informed choice, farmers can maximize their yield, quality, and profitability, ensuring a successful tomato farming venture.
Where to buy certified tomato seeds and seedlings in Kenya
If you are an avid gardener or a small-scale farmer in Kenya, you might be wondering where you can buy certified tomato seeds and seedlings to ensure the best quality and productivity. Tomato farming is a popular activity in the country, but without high-quality seeds, achieving a successful harvest can be a challenge. Fortunately, there are several reliable sources where you can buy certified tomato seeds and seedlings in Kenya.
One of the most trusted options is the Kenya Seed Company. Established in 1956, the Kenya Seed Company is the leading supplier of high-quality agricultural seeds in the country. They offer a wide range of tomato seeds, specifically bred and selected for superior traits such as disease resistance, yield potential, and adaptability to local environmental conditions. The company has an extensive network of distribution outlets, making it convenient for farmers across Kenya to access their products.
Another reputable source is Seeds of Gold, a renowned agricultural newspaper published by the nation’s leading media house, Nation Media Group. Seeds of Gold often collaborates with various seed companies to provide farmers with access to certified tomato seeds and seedlings. They frequently organize agricultural expos and fairs where farmers can purchase seeds directly from reputable suppliers.
Additionally, various agro-vet stores and farm supply outlets throughout Kenya stock certified tomato seeds and seedlings. These establishments collaborate with trusted seed companies to ensure the availability of quality products to farmers. Examples of popular agro-vet stores include Unga Farm Care and Farmers Choice, Tropika, Agroduka, simlaw seeds. They offer a range of pest-resistant tomato varieties suitable for different regions in Kenya.
Tomatoes nursery seedlings establishment.
Setting up a proper nursery is crucial for the successful growth and development of tomato plants. Here are the steps to establish a seedbed nursery for tomatoes:
Step-by-step Guide Tomato Farming
1. Location:
Choose a location that receives ample sunlight for at least 6-8 hours a day. Ensure the area has well-draining soil with good fertility.
2. Soil preparation:
Prepare the soil by removing any weeds, rocks, or debris. Loosen the soil using a garden fork or tiller, ensuring it is well-drained and rich in organic matter. Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure to enhance fertility.
3. Raised beds:
Construct raised beds to facilitate better drainage and heat absorption. These should be about 6-8 inches above ground level, with each bed being around 3-4 feet wide and as long as desired.
4. Sowing seeds:
Start by selecting high-quality tomato seeds or purchase them from a reputable source. Sow the seeds directly into the prepared soil or in seedling trays filled with seed-starting mix. Make sure to plant them 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep and space them 1-2 inches apart.
5. Watering:
Keep the soil evenly moist throughout the germination period. Avoid overwatering, as it may lead to damping off or other fungal diseases. Use a fine mist or gentle spray to water the seeds or seedlings.
6. Temperature and humidity:
Tomatoes thrive in warm temperatures between 70-80°F (21-27°C). Therefore, maintain a consistent temperature and protect the seedlings from extreme fluctuations. A humidity dome or plastic wrap can help create a warm and stable environment.
7. Light requirements:
Tomato seedlings need ample light to grow properly. Place them in a location where they can receive sufficient sunlight or use grow lights if natural light is insufficient. Keep the lights on for 14-16 hours a day, maintaining a distance of 2-4 inches above the seedlings.
8. Fertilization:
As the seedlings grow, they will require regular feeding. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every 10-14 days or use a slow-release granular fertilizer following the manufacturer’s instructions.
9. Maintenance:
In addition, inspect the seedlings for pests, diseases, or nutrient deficiencies. Remove any weak or diseased plants to prevent the spread of infection. Also, provide support, such as stakes or cages, to help the plants grow upright.
10. Transplanting:
Once the seedlings have developed their true leaves and are around 6-8 inches tall, they are ready for transplanting into individual pots or the outdoor garden. Harden off the seedlings by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions for a week before transplanting.
Using peat pellets or seedling trays:
Peat pellets or seedling trays are convenient options for raising tomato seedlings. They are readily available at garden centers and nurseries. Peat pellets are small, compressed discs made of peat moss and other organic materials. To use them, soak the pellets in water until they expand, then press the seeds into the center of each pellet. In addition, place the pellets in a tray with a clear plastic cover to create a mini-greenhouse effect. As the seedlings grow, ensure they receive sufficient light and ventilation by gradually removing the cover.
References.
- https://www.google.com/search?q=tomato+raisedseed+bed+for+seedling&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjnhMTF5piCAxWB47sIHUOfAOYQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=tomato+raisedseed+bed+for+seedling&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1DBDFjLK2C8L2gAcAB4AIABqQKIAc0WkgEFMC44LjaYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=QQY9ZafgDoHH7_UPw76CsA4&bih=783&biw=1600#imgrc=4b3j2B1E15rJuM&imgdii=v6-bZtwOCKjxbM.
- 2https://www.agcenture.com/2021/06/28/tomato-farming-in-kenya/.
- https://pangonionlinemarketing.com/open-field-tomato-farming/
